Looking for
a president
Brazil in
October 2014 – the sovereign has spoken. The sovereign are the Brazilian people
who elect the president this month. In total, 143 million Brazilians are
eligible to vote. During the first ballot on October 5, no candidate managed to
gain an absolute majority of the votes. In Brazil, the presidential election
winner needs either to get an absolute majority which means to attain more than
50% of the votes or to combine more votes than all the opponents together. The
incumbent Dilma Rousseff from the Brazilian labor party Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) took 41.4% of the vote. Her
opponents Marina Silva from the Brazilian socialist party – Partido Socialista Brasileiro (PSB) and
Aécio Neves from the center-right Partido
da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB) scored 21.3% and 33.8% respectively.
Now, there
will be a runoff on October 26 and a thrilling neck-on-neck race is expected
between Dilma and Aécio. The latest surveys state that Dilma reaches 52% of the
poll ratings and is four percent ahead of Aécio who attains 48% (as of October
20). When taking a closer look at the Brazilian election it makes sense to
examine the candidates for the upcoming runoff election. Who are the two
opponents that have the same birthplace and hold an academic degree in the same
field?
Dilma
Rousseff was born in 1947 in Belo Horizonte and has Bulgarian ancestry on her
father’s side. As a militant leftist she was actively engaged in the resistance
fight against the Brazilian military government in the second half of the
1960s. Therefore, she spent almost three years in prison. Dilma obtained her
academic degree in economics at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and
started her political career in 1979 when she founded the socialist labor party
Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT).
In the year 2000, Dilma joined the labor party PT where she held political
office under the Lula government as energy minister. As part of the PT party
leaders she was officially elected as candidate for the Brazilian presidential
elections of 2010. Dilma won the election with an absolute majority and she became
the first female president in Brazil’s history. Dilma’s style of government is characterized
by subtle foreign policy and technocrat governance. She effectuated tax reliefs
with regard to energy and food products. Besides Dilma practices an economic
dirigisme because during her presidency the government took control of the
central bank and imposed gas price-caps for gasoline on the public oil company
Petrobras.
Aécio Neves,
born in 1960 in Belo Horizonte was raised in a political family. He is the grandson
of Tancredo Neves who was elected president back in 1985 and who died of a
disease just before his inauguration. After gaining an academic degree in
economics at the Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Aécio started his
political career at the age of 23 when he became secretary of his grandfather. Thereafter,
he served four terms as an elected deputy in the Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil) in
Brasília representing the party PSDB. Between 2003 and 2010 Aécio was nominated
to become the 17th governor of Minas Gerais which is Brazil’s third
populous Brazilian state. In 2012, Aécio was elected as a candidate for the
presidential election for his party. Aécio stands for a more liberal approach
and favors a free market economy. Additionally, Aécio Neves has launched
several social programs including financial support for high school students, crime
prevention as well as fighting corruption during his time in office in Minas Gerais.
Marina da
Silva was the initial opponent of Dilma Rousseff. She got outpaced in the first
election run as she only managed to get a little more
than 21% of the vote. After the tragic accident of the presidential candidate
Eduardo Campos who died in a plane crash, Marina was appointed to substitute
him as a candidate for the PSB.
Two decades
after the adoption of Plano Real –
Brazil’s largest and most effective reform program – the country is in a
crucial phase of its political and economic development. During the past 20
years Brazil has made a huge step towards political stability, democracy, substantial
economic development as well as ongoing social changes. Brazil is the second
largest emerging economy in the world just behind China. The president who will
be elected this Sunday has a clear task which the Brazilian people expect from
him: a continuing economic development, an enhancement of political
transparency, actions against corruption and the vigor to shape a socially sustainable
and fair nation. Certainly, Brazil has to manage a balancing act. On the one
hand, the Brazilian economy needs to get back on track after experiencing an
economic blowback as from 2011. The global financial crisis affected the
Brazilian economy with a time lag of almost three years because the demand for raw
materials decreased with some delay. Brazil’s GDP growth plummeted from 7.5% in
2010 to merely 0.9% in 2012. In order to grow further, Brazil needs an
increased level of investments, massive infrastructure improvements, a reducing
of the bureaucracy, an easier tax system as well as lasting reform of the
education system. On the other hand Brazil needs a social balance in order to
maintain equilibrium of its society which is still characterized by huge income
differences. Moreover, a responsible and conscious dealing with its natural resources
is important for future generations. The soon-to-be elected president needs to prove skills that he can govern the Latin American regional power. When looking at the Brazilian map, one can notice a geographic rift in terms of candidate preference. While the poorer macroregions North and Northeast are showing a clear preference for Dilma, the economically developed macroregions Southeastern and South exhibit high approval rates for Aécio. Some fear that this election could also turn into a “battle of classes”. While poorer citizens tend to vote for Dilma, wealthier Brazilians are likely to support Aécio.